How can we solve the equation 2cos(2x) * cos(x) = 1 for x over the interval 0 to 2π?

To solve the equation 2cos(2x) * cos(x) = 1, we will follow a series of steps:

  1. Start by simplifying the equation:

We begin with:

2cos(2x) * cos(x) - 1 = 0

Next, we can use the double angle identity:

cos(2x) = 2cos²(x) - 1

By substituting this into our equation, we have:

2(2cos²(x) - 1) * cos(x) - 1 = 0

This expands to:

4cos³(x) - 2cos(x) - 1 = 0

  1. Find the roots of the cubic equation:

Letting y = cos(x), we rewrite the equation:

4y³ - 2y - 1 = 0

This is a cubic equation in terms of y. To find the roots, we can use numerical methods or graphing techniques. For simplicity, let’s try to find a rational root:

If y = 1: 4(1)³ - 2(1) - 1 = 1 (not a root)
If y = -1: 4(-1)³ - 2(-1) - 1 = -3 (not a root)

Let’s try using a numerical analysis method like the Rational Root Theorem or synthetic division.

Assuming we found one root to be y = 0.5, we can factor the cubic polynomial:

(y - 0.5)(4y² + 2y + 2) = 0

Now, solving the quadratic polynomial 4y² + 2y + 2 = 0 using the quadratic formula:

y = [-b ± √(b² - 4ac)] / 2a

Where a = 4, b = 2, c = 2

y = [-2 ± √(2² - 4(4)(2))] / (2*4)

This yields a negative discriminant, indicating no real roots here. So, we concluded our only real root:

y = 0.5

  1. Substituting back for x:

Since y = cos(x), we can solve:

cos(x) = 0.5

The angles that satisfy this within the interval [0, 2π] are:

x = π/3, x = 5π/3

  1. Final solution:

Thus, the solutions for x in the interval [0, 2π] are:

x = π/3, x = 5π/3

In conclusion, we have successfully solved the original equation for the specified interval.

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