How can I rewrite the function f(x) = x² – 4x + 1 in vertex form using the completing the square method?

Rewriting f(x) = x² – 4x + 1 in Vertex Form

To rewrite the function f(x) = x² – 4x + 1 in vertex form, we will use the completing the square method. Vertex form of a quadratic function is expressed as:

f(x) = a(x – h)² + k

where (h, k) is the vertex of the parabola.

Step 1: Start with the original function

We begin with:

f(x) = x² – 4x + 1

Step 2: Group the x terms

Next, we focus on the x terms to complete the square:

f(x) = (x² – 4x) + 1

Step 3: Complete the square

To complete the square for x² – 4x, we take the coefficient of x (which is -4), halve it to get -2, and then square it:

  • Halve: -4 / 2 = -2
  • Square: (-2)² = 4

Now, we add and subtract this square inside the parentheses:

f(x) = (x² – 4x + 4 – 4) + 1

This simplifies to:

f(x) = ((x – 2)² – 4) + 1

f(x) = (x – 2)² – 3

Step 4: Write in vertex form

Thus, the function in vertex form is:

f(x) = (x – 2)² – 3

Conclusion

From this, we can observe that the vertex of the parabola represented by the function is at the point (2, -3). This illustrates how using the completing the square method allows us to easily convert a quadratic function into its vertex form.

Now, you have successfully rewritten the function and can better understand its properties!

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